Freehold

Somehow the beauty of the place made it all worse.

As the house neared completion, my father dreamed more and worked less. A qualified carpenter and builder, he refused most employment, quarrelled with contractors, squandered what little money we had on projects that did nothing to improve the house, but rather seemed aimed at deferring its being finished and the reckoning — with the land, his life, himself — that would come with such an ending. Missing the ocean, he decided we must have a dam to swim in. Scorning the muddy oblongs of our farming neighbours, he conjured visions of a crystal pool, artfully landscaped with boulders and tree ferns, its banks free from the unholy traffic of hooves, a pure vehicle of leisure untainted by practicality or primary production, waters sparkling with windfall light. An excavator came, a dam was dug. Water was pumped in and quickly drained away. The bottom was unsound. My father lost interest, returning to his armchair, the television, smoke. I would join him there, sometimes, climbing into his lap, taking comfort in his momentary peace, blinking away the cloying scent of dope.

Sometimes my father would take me on walks to the west, beyond the boundary of our land. Down a slope, across a narrow paddock owned by the farmer, through barbed wire fences and fields of paper daisies, we would reach the skirt of a gently sloping hill, heavily wooded. The trees were different here — sassafras, coachwood, black wattle, white beech — remnants of the cool rainforests that had covered the region before they were stripped for rare timbers, ringbarked, torched for pasture. Under the canopy the light was green. Sprays of epiphytes lit up dark trunks like fanlights. Moss fell and hung in ropes and curtains. Tree ferns, the tallest I’d seen, grew in paired lines following the slope, a processional of woolly columns splendid with palmy capitals and curlicued shoots. Orchids bloomed strangely, feeding on the moist air. Turquoise butterflies courted pale flowers. Birdsong was varied, rapturous, constant. My father called it The Wilderness, and seemed to need it as a place beyond his interventions. When we came here, we spoke of making burrows, treehouses, nests.

On our hill, the garden fell increasingly into neglect. The macadamias and fruit trees planted in the cleared land along the steep drive were overwhelmed with bracken and wire-vine, pulled down or choked by weeds. The tree fern my father had poached from the bank of the brawling river to the east to mark the path to the front door was dead or dormant. The house’s inner walls remained unpainted or unpanelled, showing bare gyprock or rough hardwood frames. The internal stairs had no banister; my brother and I raced up and down on all-fours. The front steps were uneven, a rush-job, jerry rigged with stumps and boards that flexed and shifted underfoot. The verandah that stretched the length of the façade and partway round both sides had solid rails but was unfinished — a single line of rope stretched across the gaps. Riding my cheap plastic tricycle one morning, I saw a flash of something just beyond the rails — a rufous fantail, flitting between a sapling and the trunk of a tallowwood. Pushing closer on bare feet, I stretched out against the safety rope until the front wheel of the trike went over the edge. I remember it perfectly — the sudden lack of resistance as I passed between rail and rope; the ground rising towards me, tufts of grass and lichen-flecked rock; the stunning impact; the after-vacancy; the mineral taste of my concussion — how it made me think for a moment that I had eaten the rock. I remember the vividness of the sky when I rolled over; the colours I saw when the pain arrived; the way it made me shout rather than cry. I’d fallen two metres and landed face-first on a small basalt boulder, almost losing my right eye. My father stretched a second line of rope.

Somehow the beauty of the place made it all worse. Waking early, my brother and I could watch the winter sun illumine the gum, watch the bark glow, see the dew fall from the leaves, hear the chiming notes of crimson rosellas, the confident descant of the magpies. Perhaps once a year it snowed, white flakes falling in flurries and circles, slanting in from the southwest on a stern wind. One cold morning we saw three foxes, a mother and two cubs, pick a watchful path across the lawn, quiet breaths pluming in the frigid air, until the cubs found a deflated football my brother had left out. Some inner spring released, they dropped all caution and fell to playing with the football, nosing and pouncing on it over and over, wrestling, yipping, barking — until some noise from the house set them instantly on guard and they ghosted off to the west.

In spring the creeks and gullies creaked and droned with frogs. Mist and low clouds set jewels on every leaf. Clear water ran across grass. Cress grew. Swallows nested in culverts. Flocks of straw-necked ibis spiralled under heavy rainclouds. Ducks floated on every dam, rested on every riverbank, dabbled in every stream. Herons stalked the edges, eating frogs. Calves frisked at every fence, hid behind their mothers, screamed as they were loaded into trucks. Snakes came out, found sun, coiled up, basked. The bowerbird stole our blue pegs. Swamp wallabies haunted the tree line around the house, hoping to graze the lawn. Mobs of eastern greys drew up in sunny paddocks, flipped ears against the flies, scratched, cuffed joeys, sighed. Sometimes at night or very early, we heard the thin howls of dingoes.

In summer, there were doves — wonga pigeons, fruit doves, brown cuckoo-doves, white-headed pigeons — and raptors — grey goshawks nesting leggily in a gum, nankeen kestrels perched on fenceposts or floating motionless overhead, black-shouldered kites hovering tirelessly, pausing, plunging, stooping. Wedge-tailed eagles passed over from the east at speed, raising their high, fluting cries. My father and I disturbed one over a kill — a frightening angel, scaled and taloned, clumsy on the ground — the strange, jumbled form of a hare coming apart beneath it as it struggled to take off.

The grass yellowed, the heat peaked, the mirror hills turned sere, cars and cattle trailed dust, and then autumn brought storms, rising wind, unspeakable sunsets, and the high, funereal voices of yellow-tailed black cockatoos, ghost singers calling down rain. We were failing all of it — all the beauty, the superflux, the mixed economies of nature, the traditional horrors and felicities of pastoral life. None of it helped.

The unfinished house was falling into silence, absorbing effort, pleasure, cheer, darkening despite its windows. In these years I dreamed consistently of snakes — long, black, and undulating, segmented like centipedes and worms, tined with protruding ribs, winding down into the soil, into a thin and sandy hole that compelled my hand then dragged at my fingers, pulling me into some thinner, darker place. Waking up before dawn, the long, lightless hours seemed similarly to stretch. I became afraid of the dark, then bored, then afraid again. I waited for some sound below the wind, some stuttered footstep on the stairs, the rasp and tick of claws, a pair of yellow eyes in the limbs of the gum. This dark trailed me as the house woke up, spread its tendrils through the day, gave the shadows of the house a colder, blacker cast.

Read the full piece here.

A Cold Season

Mama, she said they was dead. But I thought Mama was wrong. I imagined I could feel Owens up there wading around in the deep snow, foggy breath coming from his mouth.

 When he was seventeen my brother Sam got lost up the mountain. That year winter came late and all at once, like it had been bunching up behind them hills before it arrived. That’s what trapped Sam. The storm surrounded him. Owens went up to look for Sam and he got lost, too. It was a long time for them to be gone. Almost two weeks. And the snow was deep. We could see it from down where we was in the valley. 

Mama, she said they was dead. But I thought Mama was wrong. I imagined I could feel Owens up there wading around in the deep snow, foggy breath coming from his mouth. Staying in one of them little huts. I liked to think he was alive. I thought maybe Sam wasn’t, but I felt Owens was. 

Where we was the valley swooped right up the mountain, and the winter would bring mists what rolled down, cold and thick, and they turned and hovered like clouds, and them trees and everything changed colour to dark and glistening from them mists. I’m sure it spooked the animals: Becky, our dog, and them two horses, Cotton and Domonique. Then there was the colder nights what came with them mists, and the snow. Little Sasha (Sam’s twin brother), three years older than me (and called little because he was so tall); anyway, he promised he would take me up there so we could have a look. But it was a hollow promise. The winter was too big. Every day for a week Sasha and me went up to the edge of them trees. But each time we came back. We could see it had closed out past the escarpment. I pestered Sasha to go farther, and once he took me up with him, when Mama was in town. We knew she wouldn’t allow it, us going up them mountain paths. Too dangerous, she said – the mountain in a freak winter. No use losing good people after dead ones is what Mama said. But we went up, slipping on leaves what was almost mud, past the tree-line and into the damp shadows as far as the broken gravestones and the edges of the thick snow. We went up till we thought we could hear the stream. But most times it started raining and Little Sasha and me turned back. 

So, I kept my hope by remembering the times when Owens was at home. Him cooking fried eggs with dark beans. Him at the table, with his hands out in front of him. His missing finger, from the war. I thought of him once showing me a blister on his heel the size of a coin. I thought of the sun in his eyes and his squint, and him sitting waiting on the bench outside the back door, then standing and shielding his eyes and scuffing the dirt on the path with his boots. I thought of him walking back to the blossom grove – he would usually pull ahead and I’d watch his limping and think again of the war. It was Sam who told me Owens had been a soldier. But I never believed that, cause Owens never told me about it, neither did Mama. 

It was also Sam I thought about at that time. I didn’t understand why he’d gone up the mountain. There was something to it, is what Sasha said. But he never talked to me about it. He said something about Mama and the outlaw Wallace. But that’s all he said. I had to figure the rest out for myself. And to be honest with you I wished I never had. Cause that’s what took me into the end of winter all twisted and angry. That’s what made me think I would kill the outlaw Wallace if ever I got the chance. But it wasn’t as simple as that. I couldn’t do that until he took things from me. I don’t want to talk about it, so let’s just leave it at that.   

A Cold Season can be found here.

Diving, Falling

Now that he was dead, I only had my failing memory, and failed understanding, and the corroborating evidence of other equally fragile and partial sensibilities to fall back on. It added to my responsibilities, and I already had so many of those.  

I woke early the following morning, took my tablet like a good girl, and began work on Ken’s obituary. I could have left it to someone else, but this final act of rendering Ken’s art into words seemed naturally to belong to me. The ninth wave. The one that purportedly reaches the farthest on to the shore. 

The morning has always been my best writing time, and the words were waiting for me. I was summoning terms like ‘career-defining’ and ‘important conceptual turn’, but I had always mapped Ken’s early career using the private co-ordinates of our relationship, so by the time I poured my third cup of coffee I was also thinking about — no, feeling — the first time we met. It was at a mutual friend’s place, at one of those house parties that went on forever, and where you either had to keep an eye on the bottle that you brought or find a better one. Same with partners. I looked up from the ice-filled sink when my friend introduced ‘Ken Black, Painter’ to ‘Leila Whittaker, Novelist’, with the almost-satirical capitalisation implied, and I added ‘barely’, about myself, while holding a dripping beer bottle aloft. On learning my name, Ken started to sing the Eric Clapton song, which many people did, but I always pretended that it had never happened before. Besides, Ken was famous. More well-known than me, anyway. He had been exhibited. And he was sexy. It was during that brief period in the early ’90s when men wore their hair long, and his looked cleaner than most, so I left the boy with whom I had arrived in the backyard, sitting at the base of the Hills Hoist and smoking a joint and crapping on about Kierkegaard, and went home with Ken Black. 

I had not really known much about oral sex until I met Ken. I mean, I knew that people did it, and, indeed, a few of my boyfriends at university had done it to me, but not so … flamboyantly is the word that I’m looking for, I think. And with such immediate effect. After my orgasm, I lay back in some sort of triumph (his or mine, I’m not sure) and commented that he’d really delivered on the ‘got me on my knees’ part of the song. 

‘Let me paint you like that,’ he had answered.  

Not a request, but a directive, as I remember it. 

I pressed my legs together, feeling suddenly exposed, while I thought about it. I was hardly the origin of the world, and he was no Courbet, even though he was in his realist phase. Of course, we didn’t know, then, that it was a phase. We thought it was his style. Representational, with a skew, something to make the viewer feel as if they had been tipped a little off-balance, like the sight of a crooked frame against a white wall. 

And then, in the way of young people, I just never really left. I went back to my share house in Brunswick a few days later and already felt like a visitor. I carried books — beginning with my Virginia Woolfs, of course — and clothes between the two places in Ken’s old Volkswagen, and then only in one direction, and then I gave notice to the people who had, up until that time, been my closest friends. I barely saw them after that — and we haven’t been in touch for years — but in my callow youthfulness I didn’t care. I was suddenly in Ken’s crowd, among his friends from art school, including slender, languid, mysterious Anita, and a much younger and thinner and cleanly shaven Giorgio, looking like he’d stepped from an advertisement for Italian motorbikes, and cronies from their posh private school on the Peninsula, all alcohol and cocaine and sprawled-out vowels. And I was having great sex, so much of it and so varied. I was also discovering that marijuana did not produce the hammering hangovers of cheap red wine. I was with an artist, who promised to become a name. We were living in a posh apartment that looked out over the Parliament buildings and the city gardens, and was paid for, miraculously and uncomplainingly, by Ken’s parents. His moments of anger, of sullenness, seemed a small price to pay. Negligible, really. How easily I seemed to slip into that world of parties and money and ease, even before Ken’s art had any commercial success, although, behind my usually drunken or drug-fucked gaiety, I feared that they could all smell that I had more than a whiff of the suburbs about me.  

But I had my small claims, too. My first novel had been published the previous year, to no one’s notice at all, but I had loved the sight of it in the window of the bookshop across the laneway from Pellegrini’s, with all the other books, asserting its miraculous existence. Veins like Rivers, I had called it. I hated the cover, but was powerless to say so. 

At my desk in the house that Ken built, I wondered if I should trace his sudden plunge into the abstract back to the influence of these early days of our relationship, when we were having sex and laughing and talking so much. To my ascendance in his life. Ken had never been keen to articulate any hypotheses about his creative trajectory, but at least he could support my theories when he was alive. Now that he was dead, I only had my failing memory, and failed understanding, and the corroborating evidence of other equally fragile and partial sensibilities to fall back on. It added to my responsibilities, and I already had so many of those.  

All I knew, as I flicked through the Manifesto, looking for a citation to include in the word-limited space of the obituary, is that, almost overnight, Ken was all about form. He painted Melbourne Morning, the work from which I have always dated his abstract turn, feverishly, day and night, at the window overlooking the intersection. The screech of trams turning from Collins Street onto Spring Street punctuated our days in that apartment, but Ken was an almost entirely visual man. He would remember the sight of those trams, not the sound, if he were still capable of memory. He painted them from the top, from our view, as rectangles, but freed from their tracks and overhead cables. 

Any observer of my obituary-writing that day would have quickly tired of watching me typing, and then deleting, and then typing again. But thankfully, I laboured alone and unseen. I walked about the room, picking up objects that might trigger a memory, rifling through stacks of papers. I found an envelope containing a press photograph of Ken and me, which was curling and ripped at its softening edges. Why is that yellowing so depressing? It makes it seem that anyone depicted in that fading frame is already passé — that they have had their time, and probably didn’t use it well enough. I feel the same dispiriting way about my ageing paperbacks. My hair is very short in the photo, so it must have been taken when Otis was a baby. We are sitting together in the backseat of Giorgio’s vintage Holden sedan. It always was such a comfortable, and in some ways, comforting car. The smell of the leather as it heated up brought back the cars of my childhood, and rare days at the beach, Marian and I jiggling our legs on the hot leather seats, our sunburn already blistering on the drive home, David on Mum’s lap in the front seat.  

Ken is smiling at the photographer, a cigarette hanging from one side of his mouth. I am staring straight ahead, my jaw squared by my gritted teeth. It is the profile of a deeply unhappy woman, and perhaps the journalist wondered if my mood was the product of a moment or a general condition, because the caption read ‘Melbourne art world’s smiling assassin, and his literary accomplice’. That is one of the most insightful things that has ever been written about us. 

— 

Even as I wrote, I knew that the obituary would be folded into the canon, and that it would be assessed as authoritative because of our relationship, the long marriage that had survived against all odds. I wanted to capture the man, the husband, and the father who spent hours drawing with his sons, taking their art seriously, and who, when they were babies, would look at them with a tenderness close to longing when they fell asleep at my breast. Who would tell me sometimes that he had chosen well for them, that I was their light. I was looking for this Ken, that he kept hidden, that perhaps only I saw, and intermittently, but I kept encountering the trickster, the artist, the descender to the underworld of his unfathomable unconscious. And the smell of oil paint and turpentine, although I would never include a detail so hackneyed in a public account. And the more elusive traces of Ken himself. The strange, decaying smell of his studio, like something was rotting in there, and the way his canvases always smelt like stale cigarette smoke. As if his very breath had settled on them. 

Diving, Falling can be found here.

The Souvenir

Taking pictures is one way to engage in and record our experiences as they are happening. But most things don’t appear in photographs, they escape.

Amelia Zhou on Antigone Kefala

Little by little, names no longer fit things.
Yannis Ritsos, ‘Seconds’ (tr. Antigone Kefala)

I. The photograph

In the photograph, the woman’s head tilts right. Her face registers a slight smile, but it’s hard to make out the expression behind her eyes, though I’m leaning into the page to look closer. What am I looking for? To put into language what the photograph purports to capture, some quality of the real beyond its paper, this fiction. Here’s my descriptive attempt. She is alone, not if you count the pigeons milling about her sandaled feet, or the tourists idling in the background. I think it’s summer or spring. Her sandals give it away. The woman is standing in Piazza San Marco. I’m guessing this from the caption beneath the photograph which reads: in Venice.

Taking pictures is one way to engage in and record our experiences as they are happening. But most things don’t appear in photographs, they escape. Therein presents the difficulty of translating a photographic image into words. Still we keep photographs as a tangible token of remembrance—a souvenir—an object that preserves a trace of an instant caught in time. ① Another way we might score time is to write in a journal. A private souvenir of one’s lived time. The photograph of the woman I’m looking at is pressed in the centrefold of the journal I’m reading. Antigone Kefala is the writer of this not-so-private journal; she’s also the woman in the photograph I’m trying to describe. It’s one photograph amongst several in Kefala’s Sydney Journals (2008). There she is with her friends Jolanta and Jurgis, on a road trip passing through Tibooburra. There she is walking arm and arm with her brother Homer, in Athens. Or she’s not in the photographs at all. In a refugee camp in Lavrion, her father and Homer play the strings. A two-storey house in Annandale, Sydney—where Kefala lived from 1960 until her passing—shadowed by a towering gum. Here is a small sampling of moments and places that shape a life, these photographs suggest. To accurately tell the story of a life, instant to instant, is after all, an impossible task. 

Chasing time, grasping at its impossibility, arranging the gathered ephemera on the page—(from the Greek ephemeros, meaning ‘daily, for the day’)—time is both the journal’s constant constraint and foremost preoccupation. It is ‘the element that we cannot keep still, that we cannot recapture, the image of this passing forever chilling,’Kefala notes in Sydney Journals.Together with Late Journals (2022), the two volumes span half a century of her life—from 1970, predating her first poetry chapbook The Alien (1973), and ending in 2020, after the publication of Fragments (2016), her last collection.                                                                                                                      

And what is the ephemera Kefala gathers, records, and keeps? It’s past midnight, and the moon hangs ‘like half a slice of orange, sharply cut’ (Late Journals). Or it’s time to go to the grocers, where, Kefala writes, ‘they kept telling me that the WAR had started.’ (Late Journals) And despite the stark observation of a friend’s recent death, still, she insists, ‘On Monday […] we will go back to the everyday.’ (Sydney Journals) These textual ephemera accrue, in Kefala’s case, not to a self-evidential portrait of how one spends the ordained hours of the day as such, as the monthly entries of her journals might first indicate. If any kind of portrait of Kefala arises, it’s of a self in intimate witness to the real, actively attenuating to one’s scalar relationship to history and landscape. ‘Events always surpass our imagination,’ she writes (Late Journals). For Kefala, events that exceed the imagination include those events that are otherwise unremarked on and looked over, because of their ordinary beauty, or perhaps their unexceptional violence. Kefala’s acts of witnessing, then, is a call to be them directly, to attest to how such events meet with her quotidian. What exceeds imagination can be more surmountable when expressing it with the language of most direct and plainest means, of taking it on through the measure and scale of our everyday.

To write this everyday is as much a practice of duration, of staying in a temporality of perpetual waiting: ‘Waiting for this living to happen to discover inwardly one’s writing’ (Late Journals). Yes, life is always beginning and its living is well underway. Yet the delay between life and writing can be a long distance, and the transformation of one to the other a ‘slow development,’ Kefala notes, ‘coloured by events, experiences.’ (Late Journals). To wait as Kefala does suggests a waiting for memory to catch up to the present, the writing of events and experiences always mediated by one’s memory of them. Or rather, are we waiting for the present to recede into memory?

Time, as if no longer continuous, as if it had totally stopped…
[…]
Suddenly realising that one can feel outside time…

(Late Journals)

Perhaps, in waiting, Kefala points towards a general feeling of being ‘outside time’ altogether. Waiting, time stopped, time no longer continuous, yet one must go on living in the present, even if that present is set against a ‘shrinking of the future’ (Sydney Journals) and a background of ‘material unease’ (Late Journals). Such examples demonstrate the ambivalent temporal drift underlining Kefala’s journals: to be both outside time—an affective, imaginative space—and in its actual flow. ‘Time had passed over our faces leaving a fine print’ (Late Journals) she writes. And while the body always outwardly bears the trace of time passing, what remains relentlessly outside time, resistant to its encroachment, Kefala implies, are the objects in which time—as it is lived—is recorded and kept. Objects akin to the journal, the family album, letters, papers; these make their own ‘periphery of existence’, which, ‘when we go […] will remain in the house, still here, unaware of our passing.’ (Sydney Journals).

Now the time of the scene has changed: Kefala’s journals are laid in front of me on my desk, and it is not Kefala’s experience of writing, but my encounter with the object of her writing that is made bare. Just as Kefala realises one can feel ‘outside time,’ this same feeling is also mapped onto my own encounter with her journals, enlarged by the knowledge of their capture of moments already passed. In this way, to read a journal is not unlike looking at a photograph: in reading one or looking at the other, there is a similar kind of dissonance and temporal arrhythmia through the confrontation with stilled life, with that which has been. A person’s emanation of ‘vitality […] an explosiveness of silent energy […] can only be hinted at in a photo,’ Kefala says (Late Journals). Reading her journals, I cannot help but fall into a similar reverie.

Any kind of translation from experience to textual or visual language alike mediates absence, a loss in its process. ‘Writing – constantly trying to recapture the living element at the beginning of the experience, an elusive element’ (Sydney Journals). Kefala reminds us that it is with, and in spite of, the undergird of loss that we turn to language, for—to paraphrase her invocation of Paul Celan—it is the one thing that remains reachable, close, and secure amidst all that escapes. In my own looking at Kefala’s photographs and my reading of her journals, I recognise a mourning for the fantasy of ‘vitality’, the temptation to hunt for what cannot be translated, a language in bind to an aperture of loss. Kefala fathoms the crossings from one moment in time in relation to another, the disjunctures that occur in language between those moments and their recaptures, all the while bridging those jumps and bringing us with her. The evergreen secret of what has been transformed and lost in those crossings of language and time—(she’s hinting; I’m hunting)—this is what I contemplate on the page as it lands on my particular side.

II. The quote unquoted

I’ll hint on my own jump now into the middle—as in, what is meddling in the space between the quote and the unquote? What spills over? The self is contained and spilling over. The quote likes to spill over its punctuation too. I watch Agnès Varda’sdocumentary The Gleaners and I one evening, because Kefala watches it on page eight of Late Journals, and I want to see what she’s seeing. (‘To glean is to gather after the harvest. A gleaner is one who gleans. In times past only women gleaned.’ These lines open the film.) Watching it, one discovers that gleaning is not only what is documented on screen but what Varda also performs as a filmmaker, stitching together a moving tapestry of images, ideas, and words from painting, cinema, and her life, mirroring the gleaner’s picking up of, say, oranges or potatoes. Gleaning animates Kefala’s journals too. What is gleaned are tiny accidents chanced upon in the ‘everyday miraculous’ (Sydney Journals) as much as they are deliberate exercises of gathering and accumulation. We encounter voices of writers, artists, composers, friends; words from films, documentaries, interviews, books; things heard on the radio; once, a scribble on a bus seat (‘I love Irfan’); among numerous other things. If the page, like memory, starts as an empty theatre, these things fill its seats, indicative of the real and imagined company Kefala keeps. In parsing our eye down the journal’s page, we are invited to meander through her social milieu, as if overhearing snippets of someone speaking, until another juts in. The page, by this logic, becomes a dramaturgical space organised by travel and connection. What is at work is a sense of relational call-and-response, insofar as such voices, when interspersed with fragments of Kefala’s observations and commentaries, can be prismatic in what they relay. We are solicited to follow the relays between various voices not only within the page at hand but their outwards oscillations beyond the text, to the glimpsed traces of Kefala’s social world. What Kefala ultimately puts on the page then veers from any sense of arrival at closure, preferencing the possibilities of ambiguous relation, giving much work for us, as readers, to follow such possibilities.

Read the full piece here.

Works cited

✷ 1. I take the idea of the ‘souvenir’ from Susan Stewart’s On Longing: Narratives of the Miniature, the Gigantic, the Souvenir, the Collection (Duke University Press, 1993).
✷ 2. Anne Carson, Decreation: Poetry, Essays, Opera (London: Jonathan Cape, 2006), p. 45.
✷ 3. Philippe Lejeune, ‘How Do Diaries End?’, trans. by Victoria A. Lodewick, Biography, 24.1 (2001), 99–112 (p. 100).