Introducing Reading the City of Literature 2024.

Reading the City of Literature is a snapshot of Melbourne’s literary activity over the span of a year.

So please scroll through this whole website, click, read and share!

In 2008, Melbourne joined the UNESCO Creative Cities Network, when it was designated the first Australian City of Literature, and the second ever City of Literature in the world.

This designation as a UNESCO City of Literature is an acknowledgment of the breadth, depth and vibrancy of the city’s literary culture. We are proud to call Melbourne home to an exciting and broad range of writers, publishers, booksellers, literary organisations, events and festivals.

Reading the City of Literature is a snapshot of Melbourne’s literary activity over the span of a year. Last year we published Reading the City of Literature 2023.

Here is the 2024 version – please feel free to scroll, click, read, share and explore!


About the Melbourne UNESCO City of Literature Office

The Melbourne UNESCO City of Literature Office is responsible for celebrating and promoting this designation and everything literary Melbourne has to offer.

The Office’s role involves supporting the work and networks that exist, nurturing and developing new opportunities and networks, making connections across industry and audiences and championing all things Melbourne as a City of Literature. This is achieved through strategic initiatives, partnership programs and international exchanges.

The Office has three broad areas of action that address the aims of the Creative City Network as well as the needs for Melbourne as a City of Literature: Connecting the City of Literature, Reflecting the City of Literature and Supporting the City of Literature.

The Melbourne UNESCO City of Literature Office is a joint initiative of Creative Victoria and City of Melbourne and is hosted by The Wheeler Centre.                               

Adult Swimmer

Swimming is the liminal space between life and death when we are not vigilant or adept. 

For migrants to Australia, the beach can feel like an unsafe or unwelcoming place. But learning to swim later in life teaches lessons in capability, survival and community. 

I was twenty-nine when I learnt to swim. This was the year I also quit smoking. I was a one-before-breakfast, one-after-breakfast, one-before-lunch, one-after-lunch, one-before-dinner and one-after-dinner smoker, and however many more in between. I could finish a packet of cigarettes in one day, or half a pouch of tobacco. Eventually, after nearly ten years of smoking, I felt my body unravel. Ulcers appeared mysteriously in my mouth. When I looked in the mirror, I looked grey, my skin deprived of oxygen; I couldn’t recognise myself. 

The turning point came when I’d forgotten my smokes as I walked to my local train station. I looked up at the clear night sky and saw a full moon, just beyond the gum leaves above the train station roof. I’d spent many nights smoking alone, looking up at the moon, enjoying the quiet, with a deep longing for something better, even though I didn’t know what that was. In a moment of clarity, I realised that if I didn’t stop, I would die. This blunt revelation cured my addiction even though I lived with smokers in a share house. Not long after, I cycled to the local pool and signed up for an aquatics membership. 

At my first adult swim class, I wore a one-piece bather that my mum had bought for me when we lived in Kuala Lumpur. It was charcoal with pink and blue blobs. My smoke-stained orange fingers gripped the pool wall tightly as I furiously kicked, trying to stay afloat. When I paused to catch my breath, a small child, maybe nine or ten years old, confidently launched off the pool wall in a perfect glide before commencing freestyle. I wondered how many lessons I would need before I could fly in water like her. 

My mum can’t swim even though she grew up in Terengganu on the longest coastline in Peninsular Malaysia, the blue infinity of the South China Sea hugging its shore. On weekends, their family beach outings would consist of her father cycling his Raleigh while her mother and three siblings followed behind in a trishaw pedalling the 15 minutes to their nearest beach. My grandmother would pack a family picnic—drinks, desserts and a tiffin carrier of chicken curry and rice. At the beach, they dug for shellfish and played in the shallows, the ocean too rough to swim in. For our family holidays, my father would drive 90 minutes from Kuala Lumpur, where we lived, to Port Dickson in the neighbouring state of Negeri Sembilan for a seaside holiday along the Strait of Malacca. The trips weren’t often, but they were memorable, as we caught up with our extended family with the sea a scenic panoramic background to our fun. 

When we migrated, adjusting to life in Naarm/Melbourne meant that my parents worked any job to get by, and we didn’t go away for holidays. As my parents’ social circles shrank, their wellbeing took second place to that of us children. My parents encouraged the extracurricular activities we were familiar with from Malaysia—like chess and badminton—and my father drove us around dutifully without complaint. Living in the suburbs with the sea far away, going to the beach was never part of my teenage life. Swimming was one of many skills we’d have to learn, and it wasn’t seen as important. 

In Personal Score, Munanjali Yugambeh author and poet Ellen van Neerven explores the question of what it means to play sport on First Nations land. ‘Do we need to know the truth of land before we can play on it?’ they ask. ‘Indeed, should we do anything on Country without knowing the truth?’ 

Williamstown, an 11-kilometre car ride from my house in Footscray, was the closest beach to me. On hot days, I found myself checking out wind, weather and the EPA beach reports. Mornings were preferable to afternoons and evenings when the beach would be packed with families and groups of friends. 

The suburb was renamed ‘William’s Town’ after the English monarch, King William IV. According to Biik Bundjil, a cultural organisation focused on embedding Boonwurrung culture into modern society, the ancient name for Williamstown is Koort Boork Boork, meaning ‘clump of She-Oaks’: 

Prior to colonisation, Koort Boork Boork was home to many She-Oak trees. Here, Benbow would conduct many ceremonies and counsels under a sacred She-Oak tree that sat near Nelson’s Place. As She-Oaks were removed by Ngamadji [white men], the health of the Boonwurrung deplenished. 

In the essay ‘Bodies That Matter on the Beach’, Goenpul academic Professor Aileen Moreton-Robinson writes that since British colonisation in 1788, beaches are the ‘common ground upon which collective national ownership, memory and identity are on public display: a place of pleasure, leisure and pride’. Williamstown Beach, like any other Melbourne beach, is dominated by white people confidently sunbaking, swimming and playing sporting activities. When I approach the coastline, I survey for other queers and people of colour. It makes me feel more at ease, an unconscious comfort that beaches aren’t only the domain of white cis-hetero families and couples. According to Moreton-Robinson, despite the promise of open access and use, ‘the beach was and remains a heteronormative white masculine space entailing performances of sexuality, wealth, voyeurism, class, and possession’. 

With the backdrop of wealthy mansions and beachside apartments, there are alternative narratives at play: Muslim community members openly pray in the nearby botanical garden, diverse groups of people gather for picnics and barbecues. Importantly, on 26 January, independently run Williamstown Open Water Swim Coaching hosts an Invasion Day Swim from Williamstown Beach to Jawbone Marine Sanctuary. Van Neerven’s provocation of ‘knowing the truth’ of First Nations sovereignty is manifested in this public intervention where swimmers experience Williamstown outside patriarchal white national identity discourses. 

When I could swim confidently, I participated in summer snorkelling activities with Marine Care Ricketts Point and Jawbone Marine Sanctuary. I learnt how important it was to buddy up with another person while snorkelling. The safety rules for partners were simple and effective: don’t leave your buddy’s side; if one leaves the water, the other goes too. The snorkel trips were portals to an underwater world filled with sublime beauty—shy stingrays buried in the seabed, bright orange biscuit sea stars on rocks, a school of snapper with silver luminescent along their sleek scales. It was also a site of risk—currents that pulled you out into deeper water, icy cold temperatures, sharp rocks and the threat of fatigue. I safely gained knowledge in open water outside the controlled conditions of the swimming pool; it was information only gained from experience. It also highlighted the importance of having a community that could impart water safety skills. 

In the meditative Why We Swim, US author and former competitive swimmer Bonnie Tsui explores our innate relationship with water. On its vital links to our survival, she notes its dangers, writing that swimming is ‘a constant state of not drowning’. Swimming is the liminal space between life and death when we are not vigilant or adept. 

In January 2021, a twenty-year-old Asian Australian woman drowned in Altona while snorkelling off the pier. According to Surf Life Saving’s BeachSafe app, Altona Beach has a general hazard rating of ‘Least Hazardous’. On a scale of ten, it rated one. In the Victorian Drowning Report 2020/21 sixty-one people fatally drowned from 1 July 2020 to 30 June 2021, the highest in twenty years. 

In March 2022, Do Hung Vu, a sixty-five-year-old Vietnamese man, drowned while diving alone for abalone approximately fifty metres off Altona Beach. 

This is an excerpt from ‘Adult Swimmer’, which you can read in full here.

The Degenerates

Over the next few weeks, he took hundreds of discarded books from Cash Converters and piled them around the basement for insulation. Encyclopaedias and atlases lined the brick walls. Physics textbooks and world histories towered around her bed.

Where one dream ended, another began; when the ship emptied onto Appleton Dock, Maha clung to her father’s shoulder and stared across Port Melbourne to the silhouette of the city. A queue of burly factory workers waited beside the barge, counting and measuring the barrels of petroleum, and as her father limped across the planks with his hand outstretched, the salty air made her weep, a rolling howl that echoed between the trucks and startled the plump men with their clipboards and upturned eyebrows. Her father hobbled across the docks, scowling, shaking her with both hands. ‘Just please shut it up,’ he said. They passed sheds, piles of timber and a red and white radio tower flashing in the fog. They walked along the Yarra under the purple sunrise. The shops were still closed, the cobblestoned laneways clear and the offices shut. Her father collapsed under the clocks at Flinders Street Station, dragging clods of dirt out of his shaggy hair, rubbing his sunken eyes, staring for hours at the happy drunks outside the Young and Jackson Hotel, like a man who had fallen through the bottom of his grave. ‘Alive, but not well,’ he said. ‘Awake, but out of place.’ They climbed the steps of St Paul’s Cathedral and Maha’s eyes widened at the echo of the priest’s voice. ‘Let all these poor migrants never forget,’ he said, ‘that at heart we are a good Christian nation.’ Then the organs boomed, the choir wailed and Maha bawled against her father’s shoulder blades. He pulled her down to his chest and she wriggled over his singlet, searching for his nipples, but when she tried to feed not a drop of milk eked over her lips. ‘Please, little one,’ he said, as the parishioners shifted in the candlelit pews. ‘Why so many tears all of a sudden?’ Her father hung her under his singlet and they bounded across town to Queen Victoria Market. ‘Come in off a flight, have you, boy-o?’ said a man who was cleaning his clippers on his apron. ‘Just looking,’ said her father, leaving Maha on a wooden table and trudging into the crowd. ‘Gee, looks like big brother’s not in a good way,’ said the man, tickling Maha’s tummy. ‘Youse are Indian? Paki? No worries, bub. Welcome to Melbourne. Hope she treats you alright.’ The man slid a bottle of milk across the table, the glass cold against Maha’s cheek, and the shock set her face in a smile. Her father returned with some bread and a few biscuits. ‘Best you stay away from this child,’ he said to the man. ‘She is some kind of divine disappointment.’ He swept up Maha, thrust the bottle of milk under his arm and hurried through the market. ‘On the house, my gift to youse,’ said the man. ‘Kids are the future, mate. She could be the next Mahatma Gandhi, you never know. Can’t write off anyone in this town.’  

They squatted in a flat on Swan Street and ate brown bread with white sugar. Every morning, her father covered Maha in tartan sheets, hid her in the cupboard, then disappeared down the street. She cooed in the dark, yearning to be with him, to nestle against his chest. He would return each night with his face knotted, his fingers kneading his crotch. ‘Not one doctor,’ he said, ‘not a single surgeon. No one has any alternative. No solution, none.’ Not once did he want to play; he was only in need, it seemed, of the echoes of his lone voice. Soon he started murmuring about finding work, returning each evening with his hands smeared with oil. ‘So much of loss, little one,’ he said. ‘My sadness, so much for them to handle. One day they will see I am not like them, not another Aussie, not another top bloke. From the bottom, then, I tell you. Without home or family or trust in god. But from the bottom comes patience, see, and cunning.’ He poured her shots of milk, broke bread crusts for himself and limped in circles around the flat. Sometimes she woke to see him crying, or biting his lip as he hovered by the cupboard, or circling his hands over his belly. After two months, her father returned from working on the streets, pulled Maha from the cupboard, hefted her over his shoulder and hurried into the night. They walked back to Swanston Street, down by the arcades along Flinders Street and stopped before a boarded-up garage. ‘Garagewallah says owner of the best chop shop has skipped town. Melbourne needs a new coolie to carry the flame,’ he said, ‘and no police would ever suspect me, na, this young man so fresh off his boat.’ Her father opened the chop shop there and then, in the middle of the night. He coiled the cord of the shop vac into a makeshift cradle, placing her inside, then tightened the pneumatic lines and sealed the rubber leaks. Over the next few weeks, he took hundreds of discarded books from Cash Converters and piled them around the basement for insulation. Encyclopaedias and atlases lined the brick walls. Physics textbooks and world histories towered around her bed. With her body heat trapped under the cement ceiling, Maha rocked from side-to-side, squinting at the spines of the novels. Every Saturday for two years, her father took her on his rounds of the city, passing cash and papers to men in black leather coats, their faces lit by the embers of Pall Mall cigarettes as they warbled in their avian accents. Sometimes they met the clients at the Melbourne Cricket Ground, where the city folk gathered to watch the footy, a rough-and-tumble, free-for-all game seemingly without rules, played by men with the torsos of weightlifters and the long limbs of marathon runners. The sport was brutal, like a gladiator contest, and as they roared from the stands, the locals’ faces reddened and their weekday nonchalance faded. Oblivious to her father’s wheeling and dealing, Maha left the stadium with ringing ears, her fingertips splitting as she clapped to the rhythms of the footy fans, those lifelong devotees in scarfs and beanies. At home, she curled in the shop vac cord or crawled between the repaired motorcycles, while her father ran the garage, eighteen hours a day, through migraine headaches, winter viruses and blisters on his toes. He poisoned the mice that hid in the walls, crushed the spiders with his broom and beat the possums out of her bed with his bare hands. ‘It is no wonder this place is full of brutish animals,’ he said. ‘In a country of such degenerate men, their reincarnate forms could be no better.’ In spite of all his scorn for the locals, word of this subcontinental workaholic spread in cafes and bars. First came the amateurs, in need of honest repairs for their Nortons or Triumphs. Then came the clandestine gangs, who needed to disassemble their outlawed rides and pawn the parts, who gave her father extra to break the steering lock and grind the VIN off the forks. They always paid in cash. Trust was established and her father’s reputation grew.Each night, after locking the roller door and swaddling Maha in her sheets, he sat against his sacks of cash, plumping them like pillows. Then he opened his newest magazine, ignoring Maha’s murmurs for attention, and followed those faraway sentences further into silence.  

Maha spent the next few years pressing her face to the window, staring past her round cheeks and curly hair at the silhouettes on the street. Women clasped their daughters’ hands as they crossed the road. Men bounced their little girls on their shoulders as they walked. She crept upstairs to the garage and tied her arms around her father’s waist, but he only huffed and shook her off to focus on his chores. She felt sad that she was not a normal daughter, that she had no mother who would listen to her, but she didn’t want to bother her father, so she kept her sorrows to herself. One day, enchanted by the city beyond the basement, she took a ten-dollar note from one of her father’s sacks and snuck outside, wandering for hours between the crowds of businessmen, their faces hidden in broadsheet newspapers, and past salons where women dyed their hair pink and red and peroxide blonde. She watched the girls in their lessons at the outdoor swimming pools, their sun-drenched bodies shivering in one-piece suits, and followed them to choir recitals, and picnics, and to a cafe where their mothers waited with desserts on shining plates. She waited in line and bought the treats for herself: pavlovas, lamingtons, chocolate biscuits, vanilla scrolls, hot jam doughnuts. She liked to close her eyes and let the sugar ooze over her tongue and settle on the ridges of her teeth. ‘But, darling,’ said the shopkeeper, ‘where’s your mum? You can’t be loitering in here.’ Maha opened her eyes; of course, she was alone in the cafe. Trudging back to the chop shop, she wondered where her own mother was waiting. When would she arrive, after all this time, and guide Maha home? Away, she thought, far away from the loneliness that lined these streets and darkened the four corners of the basement. That evening, she scrambled out of bed and wailed until the walls shook. ‘Where is she?’ she said. ‘Mother, when will she come?’ ‘Please quiet,’ said her father, wiping his thumb across her wet cheeks. ‘Just wait. Let me show you. Here, your mother’s love.’ He leafed through a Yamaha manual, tracing her fingers over the letters and pronouncing their sounds, and as she copied him, the words held her in a state of grace, a kind of knowing she had never had before. Her tears dried. She opened an atlas, tracing her fingers over the borders of the continents, the curves of the tectonic plates, the shores of the widest oceans. ‘Good,’ he said, opening a pulp story magazine, ‘better than expected. All natural ability, and more.’ Over the next sleepless weeks, she sang poems, mulling each syllable over her tongue, revering every stanza she uttered. She read ancient scriptures from every corner of the Earth, the histories of divinities, of those who destroyed cities, or spread enlightenment, or faced only ridicule and torture. She learned that all beings came and went out of this form and into the next. And yet she found that books held infinite worlds within their pages, that writers were gods who wrote other humans into being, that every creator would find her readers, her true believers amid the loneliness of her life. Soon she brought her favourite sweets back from the cafes and read for hours in the dark, embraced by this presence she could not see. She munched her pastries with glee, ignoring the lives of the other Melburnians, of the other daughters she would never be. 

The Degenerates can be found here.

‘Perspective’, ‘Physics of Mourning’, and ‘Cosmos Revisited’ [an excerpt from Stellar Atmospheres]

Gravity forcing me to sit quietly as I try / not to collapse. This weight of grief – / a trillion goodbyes at once.

Perspective 


i.

From this vantage, Mercury and Mars
hang parenthetical, closed sentences
while the rest of the galaxy is translucent
floating caravels in a mesmerising battalion

This hill, with its cloak of wind and solace
allows me to reach and stroke Venus
peering into the beginnings of things

You stand beside me in that tan, torn coat
as stellar showers squint in sombre, velvet sky

ii.

How large our curiosity looms, your knot-thick
hands clasp the vertigo of a volcanic ridge

These figures eminent, exclamation marks
to history. You said it’s important
to see more than we’re told to

Discerning light from the observatory
on Siding Spring Mountain
deciphering knowledge, perpendicular

iii.

Bob Dylan sings of an almost-hidden
moon as every note falls to the ground
perfectly re-formed. Each vowel
running its fingers over my back
anticipation of answers and comfort

Lyrics, contorting chronology
Orpheus, weeping
We talk about absolutely everything
hoarding hyperbole

We are astronomical interferometers
calculating our distance

iv.

Simone Weil said: Truth is on this side of death
The cat is both alive and dead
and looking out the window

Warrumbungle National Park
cradling all hope

v.

Astronomers rarely need to look up
instruments detect invisible signals

Lists of graphs, diagrams, numbers
chart the unknown, unheard, unsung

You arrive home, warm by the fire
opening your mouth to speak –

phrases, un-tamed as strands of string
possibilities opening up like a box
Cosmos Revisited

Science is a way of thinking, much more than it is a body of knowledge.
Carl Sagan


i.

Sitting with a postcard my friend
has sent me from Izmir
flicking the corners with my thumbnail
listening to ‘Mood Indigo’
whipping up theories
on the beginnings of life

I think of myself
as I did when I was a child
without Earth, without space
without time

ii.

Books become a communal memory
not stored in our genes or in our brains

submerging inside my worn copy of Cosmos
compositions of curiosity & science

the postcard talks of Byzantine emperors
museums, rivers & ridges to the south

the words in both: stellar literary records
long threads of history held in my hands

a feeling of cosmic loneliness
& galactic togetherness

iii.

Time & space are fused:
it takes around seventy-two years
for the light of Mu Cygni to reach Earth
each time we scope this binary star system
we are looking at it
when Hubble was peering through the Hale Telescope
saying: hope to find something we had not expected
the physics world was celebrating work on cosmic rays
& my grandparents
had barely known one another
still too shy to ask each other out to a dance

iv.

All things are relative
imagine a time before nuclear power
before industry
before libraries, before language

when we were governed by instinct
where we lived by sound & rawness
when we feared storms
when we revered nature
when we lived by cycles
a time of survival
when we couldn’t find a lodestar
when we didn’t know how to name it
before the neo-cortex, the limbic system
in the early days of the R-complex
before we could taste & smell
when we were single-cells
before sex was invented
before rock was formed
before planets cooled
before matter
a time before time

v.

We bond together in starstuff

with sit-coms, war, particle accelerators
physics problems, pimples before a date
politics, famine, cause & effect, surfing
cryogenics, gene manipulation, buildings
backgammon, phone calls, parents, empathy
music, postcards & apple pie from scratch

as Carl Sagan said:

these are just a few of the things
hydrogen atoms do
given
fifteen billion years of evolution

Physics of Mourning								

We live in a world of unfolding and becoming
John Polkinghorne


Time is only a process
not physically positioned
in space or in this room
I massaged your aching feet
the lilies spill into the light
Einstein’s theory of special relativity
confirms time slows or speeds
depending on how fast you move –
relative to something else. I am
completely still, you have disappeared
Time has duration. Our conversations
were endless. They began before they started
one night you pulled me closer
to hear your words on how hope
replenished your universe. The magnitude
of your kindness elevating the new moon
Frames of reference help the observer
measure an event. I remember how you
liked your coffee, how your face would tilt
towards the Sun but your hands are lost to me
as if they just fell away at the bottom of a page
The dog doesn’t know where to sleep
no-one knows where you hid your letters
Gravity forcing me to sit quietly as I try
not to collapse. This weight of grief –
a trillion goodbyes at once. Time is not
the barrier, time is only the conduit
in which your memory travels back
a clock face, windowless without expression
affirming you are not here
but were everywhere, once
Your yesterdays behind you –
now extend in front of me

Stellar Atmospheres can be found here.